Caseflow Management

Resource Guide

Caseflow management is the coordination of court processes and resources so that court cases progress in a timely fashion from filing to disposition. Judges and administrations can enhance justice when a court supervises case progress from the time of filing, sets meaningful events and deadlines throughout the life of a case, and provides credible trial dates. Proven practices in caseflow management include case-disposition time standards, early court intervention and continuous court control of case progress, use of differentiated case management, meaningful pretrial events and schedules, limiting of continuances, effecting calendaring and docketing practices, use of information systems to monitor age and status of cases, and control of post-disposition case events.

Links to related online resources are listed below. Non-digitized publications may be borrowed from the NCSC Library; call numbers are provided.


Featured Links

Caseflow Management Court Consulting Services provides caseflow management and delay reduction services to general, limited, appellate and special jurisdiction (such as juvenile, family, probate, drug, and enforcement) courts. 
Model Time Standards for State Trial Courts

The Model Time Standards for State Trial Courts was approved in August, 2011 by the Conference of State Court Administrators, Conference of Chief Justices, American Bar Association House of Delegates and the National Association for Court Management.  They are the comprehensive set of time standards that cover all types of cases.

Case Processing Time Standards This database compiles state-by-state information about Case Processing Time Standards (CPTS) and how states monitor them.
Fundamental Issues of Caseflow Management Fundamental Issues of Caseflow Management is an eLearning course offered by the Institute for Court Management.  The course is ongoing.
CourTools Trial Court Performance Measures:  Number 2. Clearance Rates, Number 3. Time to Disposition; Number 4, Age of Active Pending Caseload.  Number 5, Trial Date Certainty.
Court Technology Conference Presentations

Presentation from the 7th National Court Technology Conference regarding helping Egypt to develop a stronger justice system.

Caseflow Management Guides

Attacking Litigation Costs and Delay: Final Report of the Action Commission to Reduce Court Costs and Delay. (1984). Chicago: American Bar Association This final report provides the Commission's conclusions regarding simplifying pretrial procedures, expediting appeals, adapting available technology, reducing expenses for litigants, and the role of the bench and bar in managing change. ( KF8727 .Z9 A38 1984 )
Ferrell, Charles et al. A Review of the Functional Operations of the Court System and Related Governmental Agencies in Pinellas County, Florida. (May 1991). 390 pages, Southeastern Regional Office.

NCSC assessed the efficiency and effectiveness of the courts and adjunct offices, including the Clerk of the Circuit Court, the Court Administrator, and that portion of the Sheriffs office responsible for court security and pre-trial bail functions.

Steelman, David. Best Practices for Caseflow and Calendar Management in the Third Judicial District of Minnesota. (July 2001). Court Services Division

This report seeks to address the need for reform of current caseflow and calendar issues in this district in Minnesota. First, numerous common problems with the system are outlined. The research conducted is used to create ten recommendations to improve both groups of problems.

Bouch, Stephen. Calendar Structure Review, Fifth Judicial District, Magistrates Division, Twin Falls County, Idaho. (December 1991). Western Regional Office.

This report attempts to retain as much of the current calendar structure as possible while at the same time reducing competing demands for the limited resources available in the justice system.

California State Auditor Report 2010. (February 2011). California Administrative Office of the Court.

This report discusses what the California Administrative Office of the Court did wrong and why the Statewide Case Management Project faces significant challenges due to poor project management.

Case Processing Time Standards in State Courts, 2007. (February 2009). Knowledge and Information Services.

This report provides state-by-state information about case processing time standards and how courts monitor compliance with the standards.

Bouch, Stephen. Caseflow Management and Calendar Structure Review for the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court, Albuquerque, New Mexico. (April 1991). Western Regional Office.

The type of goal most commonly associated with caseflow management systems is a time standard for case disposition. Most courts have such standards governing criminal case disposition; the majority of these are statutory limits.

Mahoney, Barry et al. Changing Times in Trial Courts. (1988). 246 pages.

This report represents a three-year study of case-processing times in 18 general jurisdiction trial courts in several urban areas in the U.S. to provide a picture of the pace of criminal and civil litigation. Reports' conclusion is that delay is not inevitable and there are ways for successful caseflow management.

Bouch, Stephen. John Matthias, Jan Carol, and Chang-Ming Yeh. City of Joplin Municipal Court Caseflow and Operations Assessment. (September 1995). 125 pages. Court Services Division.

A caseflow management assessment of the court system in Joplin, Missouri.

Fautsko, Timothy, Dietrich, Cynthia, Gomez, Paul, and Shaun Zallaps. Collier County, Florida Caseflow Assessment and Calendar Review. (April 1998). Court Services Division.

An assessment of Collier County's caseflow management to help the court achieve a neutral forum for customers and effective adjudication of cases.

Hewitt, William, Geoff Gallas, and Barry Mahoney. Courts that Succeed: Six Profiles. (1990). 211 pages.

This report shows how demonstration courts evaluate symptoms of delay in the context of many factors, as well as explaining that delay is both a problem and a sympton of other underlying problems facing courts.

Wessels, Bob and Harry Leverette. Data Quality Management for Courts. (March 2009). Caseload Highlights, Notes from the Field, Vol. 16, No. 2.

This Caseload Highlights focuses on obtaining reliable statistics for use in evaluating court performance.

Steelman, David. Improving Caseflow Management: A Brief Guide. (February 2008).

This report outlines many ways in which courts can improve caseflow management including trial management, dispositions, timing, leadership and others.

Steelman, David, Nancy London and Linda Walker. Improving the Pace of Litigation in the Lehigh County (PA) Court of Common Pleas. (1992). 237 pages. Northeastern Regional Office.

An assessment of an Eastern Pennsylvania court system to obtain ideas about what can be done to improve caseflow management. Places for improvement are outlined, such as documentation and time management, and are followed by recommendations to improve each aspect.

Sipes, Larry, Alan Carlson, Teresa Tan, Alexander Aikman and Robert Page. Managing to Reduce Delay. (1982).

A committed court, utilizing case-management techniques, can control the pace of litigation and improve case-processing times. To guide others who may care to travel to this point, we offer these directions in this report.

Steelman, David. Model Continuance Policy. (2009).

This document provides a model continuance policy for use by courts to achieve more effective caseflow management.

Steelman, David. Reducing Court Work Volume through Caseflow Management. (2009).

This brief article describes how caseflow management can successfully address issues of case volume and workload in the courts, and provides examples.

Goerdt, John, with Chris Lomvardias and Geoff Gallas. Reexamining the Pace of Litigation in 39 Urban Courts. (1991).

This report presents analysis of the pace of litigation and its correlates based on 1987 felony and civil case data from 39 urban trial courts.

Russillo, Frederick and Genevra Kay Loveland. Time and Justice: Implementing Case Disposition Time Standards in the State of Utah. (June 1990). Western Regional Office.

The purpose of this report is to identify any existing or emerging consensus among Utah's jurists on the concept of time standards, to catalog relevant issues relating to the adoption of time standards in Utah, and, utilizing existing research and the experience of other states, to develop a series of recommendations for the design and implementation of case disposition time standards.

Batty, K. Kent, et al. Toward Excellence in Caseflow Management: The Experience of the Circuit Court in Wayne County, Michigan. (1991).

This report examines the implementation of delay reduction programs in Wayne County, Michigan and explains factors contributing to its success.

Steelman, David. Trial Court Administration and Management in State Courts: Viewing Arkansas in a National Context. (April 2002).

This report deals with issues in trial court administration arising from an amendment to the Arkansas constitution that merged multiple trial courts into a two-tier system with one general-jurisdiction circuit court and one limited-jurisdiction district court.

Caseflow Management Guide. (2004). Lansing, MI: State Court Administrative Office A guide for judges and caseflow management practitioners about caseflow management, court supervision of case progress, judicial support and leadership, and management information. 
Solomon, Maureen, and Douglas Somerlot. Caseflow Management in the Trial Court: Now and for the Future. (1987). Chicago: American Bar Association, Division for Judicial Services, Lawyers Conference Task Force on Reduction of Litigation Cost and Delay ( KF8732 .Z9 S64 1987 )
Steelman, David C. et al. Caseflow Management: The Heart of Court Management in the New Millennium. (2004). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This book recounts the history of caseflow management in America and discusses the types of caseflow management: Trial Dates, Trial Management, and Court Event Management After Trial. Finally, the book discusses the implementation of caseflow management for different types of cases, from family and probate to criminal and civil. As a last note, the book looks to future case management, with considerations for new technologies and new court systems. (KF8732 S74 2004)
Core Competency Curriculum Guidelines: Caseflow Management. National Association of Court Management The NACM Core Competency Curriculum Guidelines provide a comprehensive statement of the caseflow management knowledge and skills necessary for court leaders. 
Court and Caseflow Management, South Africa Guidelines. (2011). The Justice Forum in South Africa is an organization that provides information online and has several reports/publications describing caseflow management in the South African court system.
Court Manager Caseflow Management Articles. National Association for Court Management The NCSC Digital Archive contains the following caseflow management articles published in NACM's Court Manager dating from 1991 to the present.
Mahoney, Barry and Holly C. Bakke. How to Conduct a Caseflow Management Review: A Guide for Practitioners. (1994). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts A "how-to" guide to help conduct caseflow management review by analyzing caseflow management systems of several urban courts.

Differentiated Case Management

Henderson, Thomas, Janice Munsterman, and Robert Tobin. Differentiated Case Management. (1990). Washington Project Office.

This report examines criminal and civil cases from six demonstration sites (superior court, Camden County, NJ; superior court, Pierce County, WA; district court, Ramsey County, Minnesota; Detroit Recorder's Court; and Berrien County, Michigan).

Differentiated Case Management: Fact Sheet. (November 1995). Washington, DC, Bureau of Justice Assistance Defines the key features and benefits of the DCM model. Every case that goes to court imposes a unique set of demands on court resources. The traditional first-in / first-out, one-track-fits-all approach to case management is no longer either feasible or desirable.
Differentiated Case Management: Implementation Manual. (1993). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance A book which goes into greater detail on the management and implementation of DCM.  It includes frequently asked questions about the system, cases in which the system was implemented, and basic tactics to assure the greatest success with DCM.
Differentiated Case Management: Program Brief. (1993). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance This pamphlet explains the concept of Differentiated Case Management (or DCM), describes the criteria needed for DCM, and the process by which a locality can implement the program.
Crandall, Gregory H. Differentiated Case Management Program Orleans Criminal District Court: Final Process and Outcome Evaluation Following Year Two of the Project. (1998). New Orleans: Orleans Parish Criminal District Court This report provides both process and outcome evaluations for this project, and suggests areas for further study.  The results provide necessary data that enables the court to create an effective differentiated caseflow management program to manage its incoming criminal docket.  ( KFL510.5 .C65 D54 )
Implementing Proactive and Differentiated Case Management in New Mexico. (2001). Santa Fe: Supreme Court of New Mexico The goal of this study was to introduce the system of Differentiated Case Management to New Mexico's courts.  It was eventually found that the DCM system helped New Mexico's courts by reducing the time between case filing and disposition.  (KFN4110.5 .C65 F56)
Bakke, Holly C., et al. Integrating ADR into Trial Court Civil Caseflow Management Systems: An Implementation Guide. (1996). Denver: Justice Management Institute Although alternative dispute resolution has many other benefits, it is a primary component of caseflow management, and often, differentiated case management. (KF8986 .B35)

Civil Cases

Mahoney, Barry et al. Civil Caseflow Management Improvement in the Superior Court, Suffolk County (Boston, MA), 1987-1991. (1992). Denver: National Center for State Courts, Institute for Court Management An NCSC study of comparative case management speed and effectiveness in a large environment.  The study investigates the court system of Boston, Massachusetts in order to discover what works and how case management systems can succeed in other urban environments.
Goerdt, John. Divorce Courts: Case Management, Case Chracteristics, and the Pace of Litigation in 16 Urban Jurisdictions. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Multi-jurisdictional study of case-management procedures and case processing times.
Mahoney, Barry and Antoinette Bonacci-Miller. Improving Civil Caseflow Management in Urban Trial Courts. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Project that aims to produce significant improvements in caseflow management practices in participating courts and helping reduce case processing times to decrease backlogs in the courts.
Kakalik, James S. et al. Just, Speedy, and Inexpensive?: An Evaluation of Judicial Case Management Under the Civil Justice Reform Act: Summary. (2000). Santa Monica, CA: RAND, The Institute for Civil Justice This resource discusses six principles of case management with accompanying techniques, and suggests implications for a promising case management package. 
(
KF8754. J87 2000)
Rauma, David. The Civil Justice Reform Act Expense and Delay Reduction Plans: A Sourcebook. (1995). Washington, DC: Federal Judicial Center A reference volume used to aid those prosecuting civil cases.  Using the Civil Justice Reform Act as a template, this document examines various statistics about civil justice and uses them to postulate a number of trends and patterns.

Criminal Cases

A Manual for Workshops on Processing Felony Dispositions in Limited Jurisdiction Courts. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Improving the Quality of Justice While Reducing Delay.  An NCSC project which seeks to aid those searching for innovative means of more effectively managing cases.  Each chapter proceeds by discussing case management in a different environment, from small claims, to civil, to large felony cases.
Griller, Gordon M., Hon. Joseph P. Farina, and Daniel J. Hall. Analysis of the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Magistrate Criminal Calendar: Fourth Judicial District of Ada County Idaho (Greater Boise). (May 2009). National Center for State Courts, Denver, CO.

This report addresses challenges facing court operations and concerns voiced by judges and other stakeholders regarding case management practices. Thirteen recommendations are made to improve the court's calendar system and case management practices.

Steelman, David C. et al. Caseflow Management and Judge Assignments for Criminal Cases in Minnesota`s Fourth District Court (Hennepin County): Final Report. (October 1999). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This report addresses the caseflow management needs of the Hennepin County court system.  See Appendix C (page 91) for a detailed discussion on differentiated case management.
Steelman, David C., and Jeffrey M. Arnold. Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, Criminal Division Time Standards Improvement Plan. (1993). Chicago: Cook County Circuit Court The purpose of the improvement plan is to permit the Criminal Division judges to introduce ways to achieve further expedition in their handling of felony cases. In order for the presiding judge and his colleagues in the Criminal Division to achieve such improvements, one important step is to employ criteria for what constitutes "improvement." Time standards for case processing serve this purpose. 
Mahoney, Barry et al. Criminal Caseflow Improvement in the Hudson County Superior Court (Jersey City, NJ),. (1992). Denver, CO: National Center for State Courts, Institute for Court Management This report is intended to provide an overview of the court’s delay reduction efforts during the 1989-1992 period. It provides an overview of the court’s situation as of May 1989, describes the planning process undertaken in the 1989-90 period, and discusses the impacts of the court’s caseflow management improvement efforts. The concluding section presents some recommendations for the future.
Mahoney, Barry, and Todd Clear. Criminal Caseflow Management in the Essex County Superior Court (Newport, NJ). (1990). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This report provides an overview of developments with respect to criminal caseflow management in the Essex County Superior Court, and sets forth recommendations for action by the court's leadership and by state-level leaders.
Cuyahoga County, Ohio Felony Case Processing Study Phase I: Final Report and Recommendations. (2005). The Justice Management Institute This report identifies recommendations to improve felony case processing and discusses the recommendations' impact on staff and computer equipment.
Ostrom, Brian. Efficiency, Timeliness, and Quality: A New Perspective from Nine State Criminal Trial Courts. (October 1999). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Timeliness and the quality of justice are not mutually exclusive either in theory or in fact. Expeditious criminal case resolution is found to be associated with court systems in which the conditions also promote effective advocacy. Because effective advocacy underlies due process and equal protection of the law, it is an integral aspect of the broader concept of quality case processing. The evidence from this study suggests that well-performing courts should be expected to excel in terms of both timeliness and quality.
Steelman, David. Elements of a Successful Plea Cut-Off Policy for Criminal Cases. (September 2008).

This document provides a model plea cut-off policy for use by courts to achieve more effective caseflow management.

Steelman, David, et.al. Felony Case Management in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. (November 2009).

This report was prepared under a February 2009 agreement between the National Center for State Courts and the Bernalillo County for a study of felony case processing in the Second Judicial District Court of New Mexico.

Solomon, Maureen. Improving Criminal Caseflow. (October 2008). Bureau of Justice Assistance, American University This resource provides steps to address the criminal caseflow process and discusses state-of-the-art caseflow management principles.   
Matthias, John T., et. al. Lafourche Parish Criminal Caseflow Improvement: Final Report. (2011). National Center for State Courts, Denver, CO.

The study is directed at suggesting ways to institute additional efficiencies and improvements in light of continued shrinking resources while simultaneously not appreciably diminishing either the access to or the quality of justice in the Judicial District Court.

Steelman, David C. Non-discretionary Assignment, Transfer, and Reassignment of Felony and Misdemeanor Cases . (1995). Denver, CO: National Center for State Courts, Court Services Division Municipal Court of Marion County, Indiana: Final Report.  Pursuant to a December, 1994, order of the Indiana Supreme Court, all Indiana trial courts were required to adopt a proposed local rule providing for the non-discretionary assignment of all felony and misdemeanor cases filed. In addition, the trial courts were required to provide for the continued assignment of a judge in the event of dismissal and for the reassignment of a case in the event a change of judge is granted under the newly amended Indiana Criminal Rules 12 and 13.  The National Center for State Courts assisted the Municipal Court of Marion County with the development of proposed local rules that comply with the Supreme Court order and with the planning for the implementation of the new rules.

Drug Cases

Roehl, Janice A., and Kristin Guertin. A Self-Evaluation Manual and Case Management System to Adult Drug Courts. (2000). Pacific Grove, CA: Justice Research Center

This resource applies differentiated case management principles to the drug court environment.  (KF3885.5 .R64)

Cooper, Caroline S. Expedited Drug Case Management. (1994). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance An examination of several approaches taken by judges to speed up the numerous drug cases that clutter their judicial systems.  Possible benefits are examined, followed by descriptions of how each attempted study panned out.

Family Cases

Aikman, Alexander B. Case Management and Caseflow Study of the Jefferson County (KY) Circuit, District, and Family Courts: Final Report. (May 1995). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This report reviews case management in the courts in Jefferson County, Kentucky.  See also Recommendation 9 (page 91), which indicates that "Circuit court judges should implement a differentiated case management program for newly filed cases." 
Rubin, Ted H. and Victor Eugene Flango Court Coordination of Family Cases. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Research examines the frequency with which families in the court system have multiple related cases filed in different courts. Considers the justification for coordinating these separate cases (in some cases unnecessary, but in others, possibly essentials for the well-being of the family members).
Flango, Carol. How are Courts Coordinating Family Cases?. (September 1999). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts Families come to court for many reasons, and some families return to court frequently. For these families, a coordinated approach to the multiplicity of cases involving various family members and an integrated human service delivery system seems to hold the most promise of moving the family toward self-sufficiency. The basic premise is that an integrated approach not only will promote a better quality of court decision making by providing the judges and judicial hearing officers with accurate and complete information about the family, but also will make the best use of the limited resources the community has to strengthen families.

Mass Tort Cases

Aikman, Alexander B. Managing Mass Tort Cases: A Resource Book for State Trial Court Judges. (1995). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts A resource book for state court trial judges created from the discussion at the first National Mass Tort Conference.

Probate Cases

Steelman, David C. Managing Probate Workload and Dockets. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This report suggests some of the ways to improve the management of judges' workload and dockets without expanding support staff.

Rural Cases

Miller, Fred. Rural Courts are Fertile Ground for Caseflow Management: The Case Processing and Delay Reduction in Rural Courts Project. (June 1991). Williamsburg, Virginia: National Center for State Courts This article reviews and expands on the delay in rural courts reported from an earlier study originally published in "Delay in Rural Courts: It Exists, But It Can Be Reduced", State Court Journal, Volume 14, Number 3, Summer, 1990.

Small Claims Cases

Goerdt, John A. Small Claims and Traffic Courts: Case Management Procedures, Case Characteristics, and Outcomes in 12 Urban Jurisdictions. (1992). Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts This study is the first to describe and compare the procedures, caseload size, case characteristics, case outcomes, and pace of litigation in traffic cases across several large urban jurisdictions from a variety of states.