Leadership/Change Management

Resource Guide

Court systems require effective leadership and management practices to respond to important issues, such as public trust and confidence, court and community collaboration, and timeliness and consistency. The demand for increased services from courts, along with proper strategic planning and team building, can be more easily forecasted and implemented when sound leadership, planning, and organizational change management are in place.

Links to related online resources are listed below. Non-digitized publications may be borrowed from the NCSC Library; call numbers are provided.


Featured Links

Court Governance and Management Court Consulting Services is experienced in analyzing organizational, management, and performance problems and recommending practical, nuanced, and creative solutions.
Different Work: A First Course in Effective Supervision Different Work: A First Course in Effective Supervision is an eLearning course offered by the Institute of Court Management.  The course is ongoing.
National Conference of Metropolitan Courts A two and one-half day seminar is taught by chief judges and court executives led by Gordon Griller, Director of Trial Court Leadership Programs at the Institute for Court Management,   October 28 - 30. 2009 - Orlando. Florida.
Using Technology to Train a State Judiciary Presentation from the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the National Court Technology Conference.  Effectively delivering the best training and education to meet the business needs for courts.
An International Framework for Court Excellence Presentation from the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the National Court Technology Conference.  Reviews the use of the Framework in technology planning.
Technology as a Driver of Innovation: The Minnesota Experience Presentation from the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the National Court Technology Conference.  An international perspective on how IT can support judicial reform and accountability.
NACM Justice Achievement Awards

A compilation of the National Association of Court Management's Justice Achievement Awards from 2000-2011.

"Building Tomorrow's Courts Today."

Article from the Future Trends in State Courts 2009 report by Hon. Paul J. De Muniz.

"Why Not Now? Strategic Planning by Courts in Challenging Financial Times."

Article from the Future Trends in State Courts 2009 report by Richard Van Duizend and Kathy Mays Coleman.

Leadership in the Courts

Durham, Christine and Daniel Becker. A Case for Court Governance Principles: Perspectives on State Court Leadership. (2012). Executive Session for State Court Leaders in the 21st Century.

This paper proposes a set of principles for governing state court systems that is intended to begin a dialogue about how court governance can best be enhanced to meet current and future challenges. The principles outlined in this paper were developed by re-examining what courts, as institutions, need to do internally to meet their responsibilities.

Rottman, David, Hillery Efkeman, Randall Hansen, and Shelley Stump. A Leadership Guide to Statewide Court and Community Collaboration. (June 2002). 133 pages.

The practice of statewide collaboration is evolving; thus this Leadership Guide reflects a varied and evolving field of opinion and practice.

Wagenknecht-Ivey, Brenda J. Continuous Quality Improvement in the Courts: A Practitioners Handbook. (1998). Denver, CO: Center for Public Policy Studies A vast handbook discussing how a person who has met a change in their court system should deal with these changes. This includes large sections on Constate Quality Improvement - the goal of the court reformer. Two examples of court striving for this goal in Maryland and Ohio are given as examples of cases in which constant change  had been implemented, and are shown to give examples of possible future reaction to change. (KF8732 W34)
Core Competency Curriculum Guidelines -- Leadership. National Association for Court Management Outlines 5 guidelines for effective leadership and management of court systems.
Core Competency Curriculum Guidelines: What Court Leaders Need to Know and Be Able to Do. (May 2004). National Association for Court Management. This "set of educational tools and guidelines is helping court managers come to grips with what they need to know and be able to do to meet the needs and functions of their court and professional organization."   (KF8732 A15 C685)
Stupak, Ronald J. Court Managers as Leaders: An Active Strategy for Understanding and Using Power. (2001). Court Manager 16, Number 2, page 19 A short article which discusses the use of power under the definition of an energy to initiate and sustain action.  The rest of the  article is devoted to outlining tools for the usage and implementation of power, such as dividing up responsibilities between high-level, mid-level, and first-line supervisors.  (KF8732 A15 C685)
Getting From Clobberation to Collaboration-The Importance of Judicial Leadership. (2001). Florida Courts Five-page outline on the role of judicial leadership in ensuring that the court's role in service coordination is acknowledged and accepted.
Mundell, Barbara Rodriguez and Wallace B. Jefferson Herding Lions: Shared Leadership of State Trial Courts. (2012). Executive Session for State Court Leaders in the 21st Century.

This paper explores some of the underlying points of tension between state supreme courts and local trial courts, ultimately positing a "shared leadership" model to leverage local court innovation in states where the judicial function is highly dispersed. Central to this discussion is the overarching need to maintain prompt and affordable court services amidst economic uncertainty and reduced resources.

Interview: The Challenge of Leadership in the Courts. (September 2006). The Third Branch: Newsletter of the Federal Courts 38, no. 9 In this interview, Judge Julia Gibbons of the 6th Circuit discusses the importance in restructuring and reorganizing the leadership structure within the judiciary, as well as reeducating judges regarding leadership training and the importance of leadership stability in the future of the courts.
Key Elements of an Effective Rule of Court on the Role of the Presiding judge in Trial Courts. (June 2006).

" The purpose of this document is to provide a basis from which judicial councils, presiding judges, and court administrators could work to strengthen the effectiveness of the executive team in court management. These Key Elements primarily contain the prospective elements of a state-level rule of court."

Burke, Kevin S. and Michael Labrosse. Moving from Court Management to Court Leadership. (Spring 2006). Court Manager 21, Number 1, page 17 This article includes a set of recommendations on how modern courts can improve their systems of court management.
Zoglio, Suzanne Willis. Seven Keys to Building Great Work Teams. Outlines 7 common elements of high-performing groups which leaders must understand in order to successfully implement team strategy.
Ostrom, Brian, Charles Ostrom, Roger Hanson, and Matthew Kleiman Trial Courts as Organizations. (2007). Temple University Press The authors examine how courts operate, what characteristics they may display, and how they function as a unit to preserve judicial independence, strengthen organizational leadership, and influence court performance. They identify four different types of institutional cultures using a systematic analysis of alternative values on how work is done.  Accordingly, the authors find judges and administrators prefer a definite pattern of different cultures, called a "mosaic," to guide how their courts operate in the future.

Change Management

Dooley, Jeff. Cultural Aspects of Change Management. This short paper addresses the need to include cultural considerations and concerns during management change.
Ostrom, Brian, Roger Hanson, and Matthew Kleiman. Examining Court Culture. (May 2005). Caseload Highlights, Volume 11, Number 2.

This report focuses on how the theory and measurement of court culture provides a framework for conducting business.

Journal of Organizational Change Management. This Web site has a list of references for change management, and archived issues.
Manager`s Toolkit. USA.gov This section of the U.S. government's official Web portal, which provides a gateway to U.S. government information and services, provides information for managers on such topics as performance and change management.
Hall, Daniel, Jan Stromsem, and Richard Hoffman. Professional Court Administration: The Key to Judicial Independence. (2003).

Article reviews successful efforts in the countries of Latin America in establishing independent judiciaries.

The Change Project. This Web site is for an organization dedicated to using the changing environment to make changes through writing, speaking, and consulting.
Aikman, Alexander. Total Quality Management in the Courts: A Handbook for Judicial Policy Makers and Administrators. (1994). National Center for State Courts, Court Services Division.

This document describes how Total Quality Management (TQM) is being implemented in both the public and private sectors.  The document also outlines both the benefits and challenges of implementing TQM in the courts.

Steelman, David. Trial Court Administration and Management in State Courts: Viewing Arkansas in a National Context. (May 2002).

Issues in trial court administration arising from an amendment to the Arkansas constitution that merged multiple trial courts into a two-tier system with one general-jurisdiction circuit court and one limited-jurisdiction district court.

Strategic Planning in the Courts

Pankey, Kenneth, Anne Skove and Jennifer Sheldon. Charting a Course to Strategic Thought and Action: Developing Strategic Planning Capacities in State Courts. (May 2002).

This report presents information intended to help state courts improve their capacities for conducting visioning and strategic planning activities and attempts to relates its review of the concepts to actual court futures efforts, the intent being to discern some lessons from their experiences.

Court Futures/Trends and Strategic Planning Glossary. (2003). National Center for State Courts.

This NCSC glossary provides definitions and links in related articles/works regarding strategic planning in the courts.

Court Strategic Plans. Judicial Council of California. Includes the Judicial Council`s Strategic Plan, and the Judicial Branch Operational Plan.
Good To Great: 2005-2010 Strategic Agenda. Arizona Supreme Court A web site which discusses the State of Arizona ’s plan for implementing a more comprehensive strategic planning system.  Included are keynote addresses, law code excerpts, and findings of task groups and special panels.  The state lists five goals at the bottom of every page as the keys to reaching their eventual higher status.
Fautsko, Timothy, Cynthia Dietrich and Penelope Wentland. Report of Strategic Planning and Customer Service Development Training in Preparation for IJJIS Development and Implementation. (December 1999). Court Services Division

An analysis of how Orleans Parish must reform its overcrowded juvenile courts. This report includes articles on fairness and racial bias, problems which these courts constantly face. Charts and articles are provided towards the end which discuss possible solutions to the multitude of problems faced by Orleans Parish.

Martin, John A. Strategic Planning in the Courts: Implementation Guide. (1995). Denver, CO: Center for Public Policy Studies A short handbook which outlines some of the steps that a court can take to improve its strategic planning. This starts with the planning process, an 8-step program which leads to the actual strategy. Suggestions to expedite court cases are suggested, as well as methods of unclogging institutional backup. (KF8732 S76)
David Steelman. Twelve Steps to Enhance the Efficiency of Court Operations in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. (2011). National Center for State Courts, Court Consulting Services.

This publication discusses inefficiencies within the Lancaster County court system and steps that can be taken to correct them.

Reengineering

Business Process Reengineering Assessment Guide (Version 3). (1997). Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office This extensive document explains when agencies are ready for reengineering, the challenges faced by it, and the most effective means of implementing it.
David Steelman, Laura Klaversma, Dale Kasparek, Edward Papps, and Henry Townsend. Court Business Process Enhancement Guide. (May 2003). NCSC, SEARCH, and the National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics.

A guide for court managers on the application of business processes and review techniques, and a tool for employing technology in court systems.

Steelman, David C. Court Business Process Enhancement Manual. (May 2003).

This manual provides help for judge leaders, court administrators, clerks of court, court IT directors, and other court managers who deal with information technology prepare for technology change, and adjust to the changes that technology brings to the courts.

Schumacher, Wolf D. Managing Barriers to Business Reengineering Success. BPR OnLine Learning Center Series Chapter 3 outlines barriers to implementation success, identifying barriers and their potential causes.
Steelman, David. Reengineering and Process Improvement Glossary of Terms. (July 2003).

This glossary of terms aids in the development of a preliminary understanding of the meaning of many of the common terms encountered by those who want to learn more about how to change day-to-day work processes in the courts.

Ahalt, Hon. Arthur M. Monty. Remaking the Courts and Law Firms of the Nation: Industrial Age to the Information Age. (July 2000). Texas Tech Law Review 31, no. 4

Judge Ahalt suggests that courts, lawyers, and judges must embrace modern technology to create a successful future.  He lists positive changes that would occur if modern technology was applied to dispute resolution systems, such as reduced time delays, reduced costs, and increased profits.  Judge Ahalt bases his analysis upon Michael Hammer's and Dean Pound's works regarding court technology and reengineering.