Integrating universal design in courthouse planning

This article is adapted from "Accessible Courts: Toward Universal Design," by Diane Robinson and Zachary Zarnow of NCSC, published in Trends in State Courts, 2023.

Effective courthouse planning using universal design can make courts more accessible to everyone, including people with varying abilities and those representing themselves. Sweeping changes to the court system during the pandemic have accelerated accessibility efforts and created new opportunities to implement the principles of universal design.

Universal design: A foundation for accessibility

Universal design can ensure that courthouse buildings and services are within everyone's reach. Core principles for applying universal design include:

Flexible and remote options: Virtual hearings help by eliminating logistical barriers such as transportation, childcare issues, or work conflicts. Courts can further boost accessibility by allowing litigants to select hearing times that fit their needs.

Clear and intuitive processes: Data show that self-represented litigants are the primary users of courts. Simplifying forms, using plain language, and providing interactive tools can improve access and fairness.

Accessibility accommodations: Assistive technologies, such as hearing aids and speech devices, need to be available. Color-blind-friendly materials and remote interpretation services are also important to ensure equal access.

Error tolerance: Self-represented litigants and those with limited capacity should not be punished for making unintended errors during legal proceedings. Courthouse professionals should check for comprehension, and all information should be offered in plain language.

Physical and digital accessibility: While some courthouses lack full ADA compliance, it is possible to schedule hearings in accessible spaces or use remote options to help those who need accommodation.

Integrating universal design into courthouse planning can enhance fairness, participation, and access to justice for all, making the legal system more inclusive and user-friendly.

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